{"id":11847,"date":"2024-11-11T11:00:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T11:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/?p=11847"},"modified":"2026-02-04T16:33:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T16:33:32","slug":"fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares\/","title":{"rendered":"Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong>A new cognitive behavioral therapy-based training is helping providers help patients manage their nightmares<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For most, having a nightmare is rare. While frightening when they occur, most people are not debilitated by the experience. But for those who suffer from persistent nightmares, the adverse effects can turn their waking lives into a bad dream.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>What is a nightmare?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>While there is debate in the field of sleep science on exactly how to define it, a nightmare is typically identified as a dream that causes distress to the point of awakening and is remembered by the dreamer, explained <a href=\"https:\/\/directory.uthscsa.edu\/academics\/profile\/pruiksma\">Kristi Pruiksma, PhD<\/a>, associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Pruiksma is a clinical psychologist and researcher whose work focuses on supporting the dissemination of evidence-based treatments for sleep disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11939\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11939\" style=\"width: 236px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11939\" src=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Kristi Pruiksma, PhD\" width=\"236\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile-348x348.jpg 348w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/Pruiksma_profile.jpg 2492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11939\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kristi Pruiksma, PhD, associate professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Likewise, there is no definitive explanation for why we dream. One theory is that when we sleep, the emotion and memory centers of the brain are doing a lot of work and processing. At the same time, the part of the brain that organizes information is partially offline and picks up on this activity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo, the frontal lobe is half asleep, but still picking up on all this firing and activity, and it needs to process that and make a story out of it,\u201d Pruiksma said. \u201cBut with a nightmare, something gets stuck. The brain is trying to process something it doesn\u2019t understand, but something\u2019s going wrong to the point where it\u2019s causing the awakenings.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Bad dreams, bad health<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Frequent nightmares not only affect sleep, but also impact a wide range of health outcomes. Patients often experience symptoms such as concentration problems, irritability and chronic pain, as well as depression, anxiety and other mental health issues. For those already dealing with daytime symptoms of PTSD, like flashbacks or intrusive memories, lack of sleep from nightmares makes their symptoms even more difficult to manage.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIndividuals who have frequent nightmares, some have them every night, don\u2019t get that chance to escape and rest and restore,\u201d Pruiksma said, noting that insomnia goes hand in hand with nightmares, as many patients report resisting sleep due to fear of having a nightmare.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome patients engage in avoidance strategies like trying to stay up as late as possible or drinking a lot of water at night so that they have to wake up to use the bathroom instead of being woken up from a nightmare,\u201d said Pruiksma. \u201cThey might also turn to alcohol or other substances, but all of these coping efforts just make sleep problems worse in the long run, which may actually increase the chances of having more nightmares.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Web-based training for providers<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Treatment options for nightmares remain an area in need of more research, but patients are often offered a modified version of insomnia treatment focused on therapy methods rather than medications. In clinical practice, cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares (CBT-N) has proven to be highly effective. However, access to appropriate CBT-N training for behavioral health providers has been limited \u2014 until now.<\/p>\n<p>Pruiksma, along with a team of collaborators, has created a series of free, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbtnightmares.org\/\">CBT-N web-based video training modules<\/a> that can be widely accessed by providers everywhere. (Visit cbtnightmares.org to register for the training modules.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAny provider anywhere who has access to the internet can go through these training sessions to learn how to implement this therapy,\u201d Pruiksma said. The modules are self-paced and interactive, with videos demonstrating what a therapy session might look like. The website also provides resources available to download, including manuals and handouts that offer tips for handling a variety of patients and different presentations of symptoms.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Unique military population<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The training module project is affiliated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/lsom.uthscsa.edu\/cbn\/research\/star\/\">STRONG STAR Consortium<\/a>, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Defense to develop interventions for and treatment of combat-related PTSD and related conditions in active-duty military personnel and recently discharged veterans.<\/p>\n<p>STRONG STAR, or the South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience, is a national research group led by The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio that brings together the expertise of military, civilian and VA institutions and investigators from across the country.<\/p>\n<p>While Pruiksma\u2019s research has mainly focused on military personnel \u2014 a uniquely affected population that experiences higher rates of sleep disorders such as insomnia and nightmares, as well as higher rates of PTSD \u2014 the video training is designed to be relevant for a wider audience. It provides recommendations for how to treat people in and out of the military who experience trauma, as well as those with idiopathic nightmares, or nightmares that aren\u2019t related to a stressful event, Pruiksma explained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMost people have had some degree of trauma at some point in their lives, but this training is really for anybody who is having nightmares, whether trauma-related or not,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Flipping the script<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps patients become aware of and change harmful or unwanted thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Considered the gold standard for several mental health issues including depression, anxiety, insomnia and substance use disorder, CBT has also proven to be a highly effective treatment for nightmares.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen CBT is used for the treatment of nightmares, therapists are working with patients to examine and change thoughts about sleep and nightmares, unhelpful daytime behaviors and sleep habits,\u201d said Pruiksma.<\/p>\n<p>CBT methods to treat nightmares involve relaxation training for the patient and exposure to their worst nightmares through writing, describing them in detail. Therapists then guide patients to identify and name the important themes within their nightmare and then write a new script for their nightmare based on that theme, giving them a new story with a different ending.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPatients may have the same nightmare over and over, or nightmares that vary but follow the same theme over and over. It\u2019s like a truck going down a muddy road, and every time it drives on the road, the ruts in it get deeper and deeper,\u201d Pruiksma explained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe idea is that we\u2019re starting to create a new path for the mind to drive on. They don\u2019t necessarily go on to dream the new dream, but something happens to the nightmare. The brain doesn\u2019t go down that track anymore, or if it does, it\u2019s not as severe.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Most patients who undergo this intervention do see changes in their nightmares and their sleep, Pruiksma said. For some of the best-case scenario patients, they stop having nightmares altogether. Others report experiencing fewer nightmares or a greater ability to go back to sleep and have a regular dream. With improvement to the frequency and severity of their nightmares, patients can get better sleep, leading to improvements in how they feel during the day and reducing symptoms of depression and PTSD.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThrough this kind of treatment, patients have more understanding of why they\u2019re having nightmares and feel less alone,\u201d Pruiksma said. \u201cThey feel like they have more control over their lives in some way, which is an important outcome \u2014 to have the tools that can empower them to take control of their health.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #520752;\"><strong>Leading the way in PTSD and brain injury research<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lsom.uthscsa.edu\/cbn\/research\/star\/\">STRONG STAR<\/a>, or the South Texas Research Organizational Network Guiding Studies on Trauma and Resilience, brings together the expertise of military, civilian and VA institutions and investigators from across the country. In a recent round of grant awards, the U.S. Department of Defense selected the STRONG STAR Consortium for a total of <a href=\"https:\/\/news.uthscsa.edu\/strong-star-consortium-secures-17-million-in-dod-research-funding-for-brain-injuries-ptsd-and-more\/\">$17 million in funding to launch eight new research projects focused on traumatic brain injury and psychological health<\/a>. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11937\" src=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-300x170.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of Alan Peterson sitting at conference table\" width=\"346\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-1024x579.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-1536x868.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-2048x1158.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-350x198.jpg 350w, https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/11\/alanpeterson_STRONGSTAR-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs a group, these new projects will help us better understand and better assess, treat and prevent chronic problems with the two signature wounds of post-9\/11 wars \u2014 traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder \u2014 along with a variety of related conditions that stem from them or that contribute to their complexity,\u201d said Alan Peterson, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at UT Health San Antonio and director of the STRONG STAR Consortium.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome of these related conditions are suicide risk, sleep disorders and chronic pain, including post-traumatic headache, or chronic headaches that develop from or worsen following a traumatic brain injury,\u201d said Peterson. The new studies will address these problems through a variety of approaches as part of six randomized clinical trials, one treatment development project and one longitudinal follow-up project with previous research participants.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBT for nightmares has proven highly effective, but access to training has been limited. Now a series of web-based training modules can be accessed by providers everywhere. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":608,"featured_media":11940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,276],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[288],"class_list":["post-11847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-fall-2024"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares - Mission Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In clinical practice, cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares (CBT-N) has proven highly effective, but access to training for behavioral health providers has been limited. Kristi Pruiksma, PhD, a UT Health San Antonio clinical psychologist and researcher whose work focuses on supporting the dissemination of evidence-based treatments for sleep disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, has collaborated on a series of free, CBT-N web-based video training modules that can be widely accessed by providers everywhere.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/fending-off-the-shadows-using-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-to-manage-nightmares\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fending off the shadows: Using cognitive behavioral therapy to manage nightmares - Mission Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In clinical practice, cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares (CBT-N) has proven highly effective, but access to training for behavioral health providers has been limited. 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