{"id":11625,"date":"2023-05-24T13:50:10","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission-new\/?p=11625"},"modified":"2024-10-21T20:01:42","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T20:01:42","slug":"banking-on-the-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/banking-on-the-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"Banking on the brain: Researchers rely on brain donation to find new treatments"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text uncode_shortcode_id=&#8221;188292&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">The thin man with a fat grin strolled into the conference room with a mischievous confidence. \u201cIs this the brain bank?\u201d he bellowed, almost laughing. \u201cI\u2019d like to make a withdrawal. How much brains can I withdraw?\u201d <span class=\"s1\">Transaction-wise, the man, who was attending an informational session on brain donation, will much more likely make a deposit. And that suits Kevin F. Bieniek, PhD, just fine.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p2\">Donating a brain is viewed differently than, say, donating a kidney or even body donation. <span class=\"s1\">The brain is the seat of the soul, <\/span>as (philosopher Ren\u00e9) Descartes said. Your brain is a special organ. It encompasses the entire sense of person and being.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><b>\u2013Kevin F. Bieniek <\/b><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\">W<\/span>ith a careful flick of his thumb, Bieniek, assistant professor of pathology and laboratory medicine in the Long School of Medicine, pops the blue lid off a plastic container. Inside are over a dozen pink, carefully freeze-packed slices of a human brain. White clouds of cold air escape from the door of the freezer, where other containers are neatly stacked and stored.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cThis is what we need,\u201d said Bieniek, the inaugural director of the brain bank at the university\u2019s Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases. It\u2019s his job to acquire a robust repository of brains for scientific research.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">When the Biggs Institute was established in 2017, it was intended to be a comprehensive center that offers patient care, treatment and family support as well as advanced research in dementia and other brain disorders. Without brains, research is limited.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Sudha Seshadri, MD, founding director of the Biggs Institute, points to the central role of the brain bank in battling brain disorders.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11507\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11507\" style=\"width: 537px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11507\" src=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-4.20.22-PM.png\" alt=\"The hands of two researchers move slices of brain on a table.\" width=\"537\" height=\"376\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Currently, the best method for understanding the molecular and pathological changes in the brain that cause the symptoms of dementia is examination of the brain at autopsy. Study of the brain occurs using molecular methods.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cWe believe a deeper understanding of the many biological pathways leading to dementia is essential to finding new drug targets and effective interventions that work,\u201d she said. \u201cCurrently, the best method for understanding the molecular and pathological changes in the brain that cause the symptoms of dementia is examination of the brain at autopsy. We study the brain in detail using molecular methods.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">While large brain banks affiliated with medical centers are located predominantly along the coasts, there is a large swath of the country that is highly underrepresented, said Bieniek.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">But in 2021, the National Institute on Aging, part of the National Institutes of Health, named the Biggs Institute a designated Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center \u2014 the only one in Texas. The designation helps promote research collaboration, encourages data sharing and open science and offers information and clinical trials for patients and families affected by Alzheimer\u2019s and related dementias.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Texas is the second most populous state in the country, has the second highest number of deaths related to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and is home to a Hispanic population that is among the fastest growing demographic segments in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cWe\u2019re looking to be a resource for the greater San Antonio and South Texas region, regardless of socioeconomic status, race or ethnicity,\u201d Bieniek said. \u201cBut ultimately, where we\u2019re unique, is there\u2019s this very large population that really hasn\u2019t gotten the care from Alzheimer\u2019s disease centers that it needs.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Seshadri echoed that sentiment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cWe know very little about the unique mixtures of brain pathology in Hispanic persons,\u201d she said. \u201cThe brain bank will help us make a precise diagnosis in families with the illness in multiple members and help future generations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">While the decision to donate one\u2019s brain is intensely personal, Bieniek said the reasons often involve care and concern for tomorrow\u2019s patients.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">Brain donors and their families want to contribute to research and help future patients, he said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11508\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11508\" style=\"width: 526px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11508\" src=\"https:\/\/magazines.uthscsa.edu\/mission\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/05\/Screenshot-2023-05-08-at-4.24.27-PM.png\" alt=\"Bieniek reviews paperwork in a lab.\" width=\"526\" height=\"325\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin F. Bieniek, PhD, is the inaugural director of the brain bank at UT Health San Antonio\u2019s Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases. The brain bank was established in 2020.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cIt\u2019s this concept called \u2018altruism,\u2019 people who recognize that brain donation is a very selfless gift,\u201d he said. \u201cEven in a time of incredible suffering, incredible tragedy, they want their experience and their family\u2019s experience to help benefit society \u2014 people they don\u2019t even know \u2014 to move that needle, to be the catalyst to that research discovery that will help heal this disorder.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">The need for closure is another motivation for donors, he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">After the autopsy, \u201cthe neuropathology report goes to the next of kin,\u201d Bieniek said. \u201cWe\u2019ll say what we did, what regions of the brain we sampled, what we found and where we found it. Then we\u2019ll give a neuropathological diagnosis or diagnoses if there are multiple things going on. And we try to put it all together \u2014 \u2018What does this all mean?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">A donor\u2019s family may want to know how the brain disorder might impact other members of the family, he said. Neurodegenerative diseases have different levels of heritability.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u201cA family might ask, how are we going to approach this disease, how proactive will we be knowing that a specific diagnosis is imminent,\u201d he said. \u201cThere may be family planning implications or lifestyle changes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">While diseased brains are essential, researchers can\u2019t fully understand brain disorders without comparing them to normal, healthy brains.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">In his quest for all kinds of brains, Bieniek plans to reach out to memory care centers, nursing homes, hospitals and clinics. But he acknowledged a certain stigma surrounding brain donation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cDonating a brain is viewed differently than, say, donating a kidney or even body donation,\u201d Bieniek said. \u201cThe brain is the seat of the soul, as [philosopher Rene] Descartes said. Your brain is a special organ. It [encompasses] the entire sense of person and being.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">There also may be cultural or religious barriers and misconceptions regarding brain donation to overcome, Bieniek said. For example, donating will not delay or interfere with a traditional funeral or open casket. Also, \u201cmost religions view organ donations as valuable to society and an act of charity and love.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">With 222 donations as of March 2023, Bieniek is confident the brain bank will be pivotal in understanding brain disorders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cThe more cases we get, the more powerful studies we can conduct,\u201d he said. \u201cEverything we sample, everything we collect, we save, we archive and we share with our group, with people across campus, across Texas and the U.S. If they have a good idea, if they\u2019re at a qualified institution and we think they have an interesting proposal, then we can provide them with tissue, and that tissue might be the critical step to discovery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Without brains, research is limited. That&#8217;s why researchers at the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases rely on brain donation to help them untangle the mysteries of the brain. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":605,"featured_media":11623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,251,271],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[287],"class_list":["post-11625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-brain-health","category-spring-2023"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Banking on the brain: Researchers rely on brain donation to find new treatments - Mission Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2021, the National Institute on Aging named The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio&#039;s Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases a designated Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center \u2014 the only one in Texas. 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